Apparatus and method for forming organic thin film transistor

ABSTRACT

A method for forming an organic thin film transistor is provided. An organic semiconductor layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, a gate electrode, and an insulating layer are formed on an insulating substrate. A method for forming the organic semiconductor layer is provided. An evaporating source is provided, and the evaporating source and the insulating substrate are spaced from each other. The carbon nanotube film structure is heated to gasify the organic semiconductor material to form the organic semiconductor layer on a depositing surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 201610384814.9, filed on Jun. 2, 2016, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus and a method for forming an organic thin film transistor.

BACKGROUND

An organic thin film transistor (OTFT) has been used in electronic papers, sensors, memories, flexible displays and integrated circuits because of having a light weight, flexibility, and a low manufacturing cost. An organic semiconductor layer can be formed on a surface of an insulating substrate by spin coating and etching. Conventionally, the organic semiconductor layer may be formed by a vapor deposition method. However, in order to form a uniform organic semiconductor layer, it is necessary to form a uniform gaseous evaporating material around a depositing substrate. Since it is difficult to control a diffusion direction of atoms of the gaseous evaporating material, most of the evaporating material can not be attached to a surface of the depositing substrate, and a deposition rate of the evaporating material is slow.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Implementations of the present technology will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the attached figures.

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of one embodiment of a method for forming an organic semiconductor layer.

FIG. 2 is a side view of one embodiment of an apparatus for forming an organic thin film transistor.

FIG. 3 is a side view of one embodiment of the organic thin film transistor.

FIG. 4 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a carbon nanotube film drawn from a carbon nanotube array.

FIG. 5 is a SEM image of a carbon nanotube film structure.

FIG. 6 is a side view of another embodiment of an apparatus for forming an organic thin film transistor.

FIG. 7 is a SEM of one embodiment of the evaporating source after evaporation.

FIG. 8 is a side view of another embodiment of an apparatus for forming the organic thin film transistor.

FIG. 9 is a side view of another embodiment of the organic thin film transistor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The disclosure is illustrated by way of example and not by way of limitation in the figures of the accompanying drawings in which like references indicate similar elements. It should be noted that references to “an” or “one” embodiment in this disclosure are not necessarily to the same embodiment, and such references mean “at least one”.

It will be appreciated that for simplicity and clarity of illustration, where appropriate, reference numerals have been repeated among the different figures to indicate corresponding or analogous elements. In addition, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments described herein. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments described herein can be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, methods, procedures, and components have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the related relevant feature being described. Also, the description is not to be considered as limiting the scope of the embodiments described herein. The drawings are not necessarily to scale, and the proportions of certain parts may be exaggerated to illustrate details and features of the present disclosure better.

Several definitions that apply throughout this disclosure will now be presented.

The term “comprise” or “comprising” when utilized, means “include or including, but not necessarily limited to”; it specifically indicates open-ended inclusion or membership in the so-described combination, group, series, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 1 to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, a method of forming an organic thin film transistor 200 is provided. An organic semiconductor layer 230, a source electrode 220, a drain electrode 240, a gate electrode 250, and an insulating layer 260 is formed on a insulating substrate 210. A method for forming the organic semiconductor layer 230 comprises the steps of:

(S1) Providing an evaporating source 110, wherein the evaporating source 110 comprises a carbon nanotube film structure 112 and an organic semiconductor material 114, and the organic semiconductor material 114 is located on a surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112.

(S2) Spacing the evaporating source 110 from the insulating substrate 210, and inputting an electromagnetic signal or an electrical signal to heat the carbon nanotube film structure 112 to gasify the organic semiconductor material 114 and form the organic semiconductor layer 230 on a depositing surface.

The insulating substrate 210 can be a hard substrate or a flexible substrate. In one embodiment, the organic semiconductor material 114 is a material of the organic semiconductor layer 230. In another embodiment, the organic semiconductor material 114 is a precursor for forming the organic semiconductor layer 230, and the precursor reacts to form the material of the organic semiconductor layer 230 during vapor deposition.

The material of the organic semiconductor layer 230 may be tetracene, pentacene, hexacene, rubrene, anthracene, α-Sexithiophene(α-6T), poly-3-hexylthiophene(P3HT), polypyrrole, poly thiophene, polyphenol, poly 2,5 thiophene acetylene, copper phthalocyanine, nickel phthalocyanine, zinc phthalocyanine, free phthalocyanine, fluorinated phthalocyanine copper, fluorinated phthalocyanine chromium, fluorinated phthalocyanine zinc, free fluorinated phthalocyanine or polybenzimidazole benzophenanthroline(BBL). The organic semiconductor material 114 and the material of the organic semiconductor layer 230 are not limited to the above materials, as long as a gasification temperature of the organic semiconductor material 114 is lower than a gasification temperature of carbon nanotubes under the same conditions, and the organic semiconductor material 114 does not react with carbon during the vapor deposition process. In one embodiment, the gasification temperature of the organic semiconductor material 114 is lower than or equal to 300° C.

The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is a carrying structure for the organic semiconductor material 114. The organic semiconductor material 114 is located on a surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is configured to form a free-standing structure and can be suspended by supporters. The organic semiconductor material 114 is located on a suspended surface of carbon nanotube film structure 112. In one embodiment, in S1, two supporters 120 are provided. The two supporters 120 are spaced from each other and disposed on opposite two ends of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is suspended by the two supporters 120.

The carbon nanotube film structure 112 comprises a single carbon nanotube film, or at least two stacked carbon nanotube films. The carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of nanotubes. The plurality of nanotubes are generally parallel to each other, and arranged substantially parallel to a surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 has uniform thickness. The carbon nanotube film can be regarded as a macro membrane structure. In the macro membrane structure, an end of one carbon nanotube is joined to another end of an adjacent carbon nanotube arranged substantially along the same direction by Van der Waals attractive force. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 and the carbon nanotube film have a macro area and a microscopic area. The macro area denotes a membrane area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 or the carbon nanotube film when the carbon nanotube film structure 112 or the carbon nanotube film is regarded as a membrane structure. In terms of a microscopic area, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 or the carbon nanotube film is a network structure having a large number of nanotubes joined end to end. The microscopic area signifies a surface area of the carbon nanotubes actually carrying the organic semiconductor material 114.

In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube film is formed by drawing from a carbon nanotube array. This carbon nanotube array is grown on a growth surface of a substrate by chemical vapor deposition method. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube array are substantially parallel to each other and perpendicular to the growth surface of the substrate. Adjacent carbon nanotubes make mutual contact and combine by van der Waals forces. By controlling the growth conditions, the carbon nanotube array is substantially free of impurities such as amorphous carbon or residual catalyst metal particles. The carbon nanotube array being substantially free of impurities with carbon nanotubes in close contact with each other, there is a larger van der Waals forces between adjacent carbon nanotubes. When carbon nanotube fragments (CNT fragments) are drawn, adjacent carbon nanotubes are continuously drawn out end to end by van der Waals forces to form a free-standing and uninterrupted macroscopic carbon nanotube film. The carbon nanotube array made of carbon nanotubes drawn end to end is also known as a super-aligned carbon nanotube array. In order to grow the super-aligned carbon nanotube array, the growth substrate material can be a P-type silicon, an N-type silicon, or a silicon oxide substrate.

The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes that can be joined end to end and arranged substantially along the same direction. Referring to FIG. 4, a majority of carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film can be oriented along a preferred orientation, meaning that a large number of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film are arranged substantially along the same direction. An end of one carbon nanotube is joined to another end of an adjacent carbon nanotube arranged substantially along the same direction by Van der Waals attractive force. A small number of the carbon nanotubes are randomly arranged in the carbon nanotube film, and has a small if not negligible effect on the larger number of the carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film arranged substantially along the same direction.

More specifically, the carbon nanotube drawn film includes a plurality of successively oriented carbon nanotube segments joined end-to-end by Van der Waals attractive force therebetween. Each carbon nanotube segment includes a plurality of carbon nanotubes substantially parallel to each other and joined by Van der Waals attractive force therebetween. The carbon nanotube segments can vary in width, thickness, uniformity, and shape. The carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube drawn film are also substantially oriented along a preferred orientation.

Microscopically, the carbon nanotubes oriented substantially along the same direction may not be perfectly aligned in a straight line, and some curve portions may exist. It can be understood that some carbon nanotubes located substantially side by side and oriented along the same direction in contact with each other cannot be excluded. The carbon nanotube film includes a plurality of gaps between the adjacent carbon nanotubes so that the carbon nanotube film can have better transparency and higher specific surface area.

The carbon nanotube film is capable of forming a free-standing structure. The term “free-standing structure” can be defined as a structure that does not require a substrate for support. For example, a free standing structure can sustain the weight of itself when it is hoisted by a portion thereof without any damage to its structural integrity. So, if the carbon nanotube drawn film is placed between two separate supporters, a portion of the carbon nanotube drawn film, not in contact with the two supporters, would be suspended between the two supporters and yet maintain film structural integrity. The free-standing structure of the carbon nanotube drawn film is realized by the successive carbon nanotubes joined end to end by Van der Waals attractive force.

The carbon nanotube film has a small and uniform thickness in a range from about 0.5 nm to 10 microns. Since the carbon nanotube film drawn from the carbon nanotube array can form the free-standing structure only by van der Waals forces between the carbon nanotubes, the carbon nanotube film has a large specific surface area. In one embodiment, the specific surface area of the carbon nanotube film measured by the BET method is in a range from about 200 m²/g to 2600 m²/g. A mass per unit area of the carbon nanotube film is in a range from about 0.01 g/m² to about 0.1 g/m² (area here refers to the macro area of the carbon nanotube film). In another embodiment, the mass per unit area of the carbon nanotube film is about 0.05 g/m². Since the carbon nanotube film has a minimal thickness and the heat capacity of the carbon nanotube is itself small, the carbon nanotube film has small heat capacity per unit area. In one embodiment, the heat capacity per unit area of the carbon nanotube film is less than 2×10⁻⁴ J/cm²·K.

The carbon nanotube film structure 112 may includes at least two stacked carbon nanotube films. In one embodiment, a number of layers of the stacked carbon nanotube film is 50 layers or less. In another embodiment, the number of layers of the stacked carbon nanotube film is 10 layers or less. Additionally, an angle can exist between the orientation of carbon nanotubes in adjacent carbon nanotube films. Adjacent carbon nanotube films can be combined by only Van der Waals attractive forces therebetween without the need of an adhesive. An angle between the aligned directions of the carbon nanotubes in two adjacent carbon nanotube films can range from about 0 degrees to about 90 degrees. In one embodiment, referring to FIG. 5, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 includes at least two stacked carbon nanotube films, and the angle between the aligned directions of the carbon nanotubes in the two adjacent carbon nanotube films is 90 degrees.

The organic semiconductor material 114 is disposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 by a plurality of methods, such as solution method, vapor deposition method, plating method or chemical plating method. The deposition method may be chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method or physical vapor deposition (PVD) method.

A solution method for disposing the organic semiconductor material 114 on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 comprises the steps of: (11) dissolving or uniformly dispersing the organic semiconductor material 114 in a solvent to form a mixture; (12) uniformly attaching the mixture to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 by spray coating method, spin coating method, or dip coating method; (13) evaporating and drying the solvent to make the organic semiconductor material 114 uniformly attach on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. In the (11), the mixture can be a solution or a dispersion.

When the organic semiconductor material 114 includes a plurality of materials, the plurality of materials can be dissolved in a liquid phase solvent and mixed with a required ratio in advance so that the plurality of materials can be disposed on different locations of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 by the required ratio.

The step (12) and the step (13) may be repeated a plurality of times so that the organic semiconductor material 114 can have a required amount on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112.

The organic semiconductor material 114 is adhered on and coats the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. Macroscopically, the organic semiconductor material 114 can be seen as a layer formed on at least one surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. In one embodiment, the organic semiconductor material 114 is coated on two surfaces of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The organic semiconductor material 114 and the carbon nanotube film structure 112 form a composite membrane. In one embodiment, a thickness of the composite membrane is 100 microns or less. In another embodiment, the thickness of the composite membrane is 5 microns or less. An amount of the organic semiconductor material 114 carried per unit area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is small. Thus, in microscopic terms, a morphology of the organic semiconductor material 114 may be nanoscale particles or layers with nanoscale thickness, being attached to a single carbon nanotube surface or the surfaces of a few carbon nanotubes. In one embodiment, the morphology of the organic semiconductor material 114 is particles. A diameter of the particles is in a range from about 1 nanometer to 500 nanometers. In another embodiment, the morphology of the organic semiconductor material 114 is a layer. A thickness of the organic semiconductor material 114 is in a range from about 1 nanometer to 500 nanometers. The organic semiconductor material 114 can completely cover and coat a single carbon nanotube for all or part of its length. The morphology of the organic semiconductor material 114 coated on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is associated with the amount of the organic semiconductor material 114, species of the organic semiconductor material 114, a wetting performance of the carbon nanotubes, and other properties. For example, the organic semiconductor material 114 is more likely to be particle when the organic semiconductor material 114 is not soaked in the surface of the carbon nanotube. The organic semiconductor material 114 is more likely to uniformly coat a single carbon nanotube surface to form a continuous layer when the organic semiconductor material 114 is soaked in the surface of carbon nanotubes. In addition, when the organic semiconductor material 114 is an organic material having high viscosity, it may form a continuous film on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. No matter what the morphology of the organic semiconductor material 114 may be, the amount of the organic semiconductor material 114 carried by per unit area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is small. Thus, the electromagnetic signal or the electrical signal can instantaneously and completely gasify the organic semiconductor material 114. In one embodiment, the organic semiconductor material 114 is completely gasified within 1 second. In another embodiment, the organic semiconductor material 114 is completely gasified within 10 microseconds. The organic semiconductor material 114 is uniformly disposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112, so that different locations of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 carry substantially equal amounts of the organic semiconductor material 114.

In the S2, the evaporating source 110 is spaced from the insulating substrate 210. A distance between the insulating substrate 210 and the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is substantially equal. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is substantially parallel to the depositing surface. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 coated with the organic semiconductor material 114 is spaced from and faces to the depositing surface, and a distance between the carbon nanotube film structure 112 and the depositing surface is in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 10 millimeters. The area of the depositing surface is equal or less than the macro area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. Thus, a gaseous organic semiconductor material can reach the depositing surface substantially at the same time. The depositing surface can be a surface of the insulating substrate 210 or a surface of the insulating layer 260.

The S2 can be carried out in atmosphere or in vacuum. In one embodiment, the evaporating source 110 is located in a vacuum room 130. The electromagnetic signal or the electrical signal is inputted to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 to evaporate the organic semiconductor material 114 and form the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the depositing surface.

When the electromagnetic signal or the electrical signal is inputted to heat the carbon nanotube film structure 112, the organic semiconductor material 114 is rapidly heated to a evaporation or sublimation temperature. Since per unit area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 carries a small amount of the organic semiconductor material 114, all the organic semiconductor material 114 may instantly gasify. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 and the depositing surface are parallel to and spaced from each other. In one embodiment, the distance between the depositing surface and the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 10 millimeters. Since the distance between the carbon nanotube film structure 112 and the depositing surface is small, the gaseous organic semiconductor material evaporated from the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is rapidly attached to the depositing surface to form the organic semiconductor layer 230. The area of the depositing surface is equal or less than the macro area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 can completely cover the depositing surface. Thus, the organic semiconductor material 114 is evaporated to the depositing surface as a correspondence to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 to form the organic semiconductor layer 230. Since the organic semiconductor material 114 is uniformly carried by the carbon nanotube film structure 112, the organic semiconductor layer 230 is also a uniform structure. When the organic semiconductor material 114 comprises the plurality of materials, a proportion of the plurality of materials is same in different locations of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. Thus, the plurality of materials still has same proportion in the gaseous organic semiconductor material, and a uniform organic semiconductor layer 230 can be formed on the depositing surface.

The electromagnetic signal can be inputted to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 by an electromagnetic signal input device 140. The electromagnetic signal input device 140 may be located in the vacuum room 130 or outside the vacuum room 130 as long as an emitted electromagnetic signal can be transmitted to the carbon nanotube film structure 112. An average power density of the electromagnetic signal is in a range from about 100 mW/mm² to 20 W/mm². Since the structure of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 has a large specific surface area, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can quickly exchange heat with surrounding medium, and heat signals generated by the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can quickly heat the organic semiconductor material 114. Since the amount of the organic semiconductor material 114 disposed on per unit macro area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is small, the organic semiconductor material 114 can be completely gasified instantly by the heat signals.

Referring FIG. 6, the electrical signal can be inputted to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 by a first electrical signal input electrode 150 and a second electrical signal input electrode 152. The first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 are spaced from each other and electrically connected to the carbon nanotube film structure 112. In one embodiment, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is suspended by the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is a resistive element. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 has the small heat capacity per unit area, and has the large specific surface area but a minimal thickness. In one embodiment, the heat capacity per unit area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is less than 2×10⁻⁴ J/cm²·K. In another embodiment, the heat capacity per unit area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is less than 1.7×10⁻⁶ J/cm²·K. The specific surface area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is larger than 200 m²/g. The thickness of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is less than 100 micrometers. The first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 input the electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure 112. Since the carbon nanotube film structure 112 has the small heat capacity per unit area, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can convert electrical energy to heat quickly, and a temperature of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can rise rapidly. Since the carbon nanotube film structure 112 has the large specific surface area and is very thin, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can rapidly transfer heat to the organic semiconductor material 114. The organic semiconductor material 114 is rapidly heated to the evaporation or sublimation temperature.

The first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 are electrically connected to the carbon nanotube film structure 112. In one embodiment, the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 are directly disposed on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 can input a current to the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 are spaced from each other and disposed at either end of the carbon nanotube film structure 112.

In one embodiment, the plurality of carbon nanotubes in the carbon nanotube film structure 112 extends from the first electrical signal input electrode 150 to the second electrical signal input electrode 152. When the carbon nanotube film structure 112 consists of one carbon nanotube film, or of at least two films stacked along a same direction (i.e., the carbon nanotubes in different carbon nanotube films being arranged in a same direction and parallel to each other), the plurality of carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 extend from the first electrical signal input electrode 150 to the second electrical signal input electrode 152. In one embodiment, the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 are linear structures and are perpendicular to extended directions of the carbon nanotubes of at least one carbon nanotube film in the carbon nanotube film structure 112. In one embodiment, the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 are same as a length of the carbon nanotube film structure 112, the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 thus extending from one end of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 to the other end. Thus, each of the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 is connected to two ends of the carbon nanotube film structure 112.

The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is the free-standing structure and can be suspended by the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152. In one embodiment, the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 have sufficient strength to support the carbon nanotube film structure 112, and two supporters 120 may be omitted. The first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 may be conductive wires or conductive rods.

In the S2, the electrical signal is inputted to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 through the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152. When the electric signal is a direct current signal, the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 are respectively electrically connected to a positive and a negative of a direct current source. The direct current power inputs a direct current signal to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 through the first electrical signal input electrode 150 and the second electrical signal input electrode 152. When the electrical signal is an alternating current signal, the first electrical signal input electrode 150 is electrically connected to an alternating current source, and the second electrical signal input electrode 152 is connected to earth. The temperature of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can reach the gasification temperature of the organic semiconductor material 114 by inputting an electrical signal power to the evaporating source 110. The electrical signal power can be calculated according to the formula σT⁴S. Wherein σ represents Stefan-Boltzmann constant; T represents the gasification temperature of the organic semiconductor material 114; and S represents the macro area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The larger the macro area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 and the higher the gasification temperature of the organic semiconductor material 114, the greater the electrical signal power. Since the carbon nanotube film structure 112 has the small heat capacity per unit area, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can quickly generate thermal response to raise the temperature. Since the carbon nanotube film structure 112 has the large specific surface area, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can quickly exchange heat with surrounding medium, and heat signals generated by the carbon nanotube film structure 112 can quickly heat the organic semiconductor material 114. Since the amount of the organic semiconductor material 114 disposed on per unit macro area of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 is small, the organic semiconductor material 114 can be completely gasified instantly by the heat signals.

FIG. 7 shows a structure of the evaporating source 110 after vacuum evaporation. After evaporating the organic semiconductor material 114 disposed on the surface structure of the carbon nanotube film structure 112, the carbon nanotube film structure 112 retains an original network structure, and the carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanotube film structure 112 are still joined end to end.

Referring FIG. 8, in one embodiment, the S2 further comprises a step of providing a patterned grid 160 and locating the patterned grid 160 between the evaporating source 110 and the depositing surface to form a patterned organic semiconductor layer 230.

The patterned grid 160 comprises at least one through hole. The through hole may have a required shape and size. In one embodiment, the patterned grid 160 is respectively in direct contact with the depositing surface and the carbon nanotube film structure 112. In another embodiment, the patterned grid 160 is respectively spaced from the depositing surface and the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The patterned grid 160 is respectively parallel to the depositing surface and the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The gaseous organic semiconductor material is instantly adhered to the depositing surface to form the patterned organic semiconductor layer 230 after passing through the at least one through hole. A pattern of the patterned organic semiconductor layer 230 is corresponding to the required shape and size of the through hole of the patterned grid 160. In one embodiment, the patterned grid 160 comprises an array of through holes, thus an array of organic semiconductor layers 230 can be formed on the depositing surface to form a TFT array.

The organic thin film transistor 200 is located on the surface of the insulating substrate 210. The organic thin film transistor 200 comprises the organic semiconductor layer 230, the source electrode 220, the drain electrode 240, the gate electrode 250, and the insulating layer 260. The source electrode 220 is spaced from the drain electrode 240. The organic semiconductor layer 230 is electrically connected to the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240. The gate electrode 250 is insulated from the organic semiconductor layer 230, the source electrode 220, and the drain electrode 240 by the insulating layer 260. The organic thin film transistor 200 may be a top gate type or a back gate type.

Referring to FIG. 3, when the organic thin film transistor 200 is the top gate type, the organic semiconductor layer 230 is located on a surface of the insulating substrate 210. The source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are located on a surface of the organic semiconductor layer 230. The insulating layer 260 is located on the surface of the organic semiconductor layer 230. The gate electrode 250 is located on a surface of the insulating layer 260 and is insulated from the organic semiconductor layer 230, the source electrode 220, and the drain electrode 240 through the insulating layer 260. The organic semiconductor layer 230 is located in a region between the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 to form a channel.

The location of the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are not limited, as long as the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are spaced apart from each other and electrically connected to the organic semiconductor layer 230. In one embodiment, the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 is disposed between the insulating layer 260 and the organic semiconductor layer 230. The source electrode 220, the drain electrode 240 and the gate electrode 250 are located on a same side of the organic semiconductor layer 230 to form a coplanar organic thin film transistor 200. In another embodiment, the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 is disposed between the insulating substrate 210 and the organic semiconductor layer 230. The source electrode 220, the drain electrode 240 and the gate electrode 250 are located on different sides of the organic semiconductor layer 230 to form a staggered organic thin film transistor 200.

In one embodiment, a method for forming the coplanar organic thin film transistor 200 is provided. The depositing surface in this method is a surface of the insulating substrate 210. The method for forming the coplanar organic thin film transistor 200 comprises the following steps:

-   -   T1: forming the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the         insulating substrate 210, comprising:         -   T11: providing the evaporating source 110, wherein the             evaporating source 110 comprises the carbon nanotube film             structure 112 and the organic semiconductor layer material             114, and the organic semiconductor layer material 114 is             located on the surface of the carbon nanotube film structure             112; and         -   T12: spacing the evaporating source 110 from the insulating             substrate 210, and inputting the electromagnetic signal or             the electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure             112 to gasify the organic semiconductor material 114 and             form the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the insulating             substrate 210;     -   T2: forming the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240         on the organic semiconductor layer 230, wherein the source         electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are spaced from each         other and electrically connected to the organic semiconductor         layer 230;     -   T3: forming the insulating layer 260 to cover the source         electrode 220, the drain electrode 240, and the organic         semiconductor layer 230; and     -   T4: forming the gate electrode 250 on the insulating layer 260.

In another embodiment, a method for forming the staggered organic thin film transistor 200 is provided. The depositing surface in this method comprises the surface of the insulating substrate 210, a surface of the source electrode 220, and a surface of the drain electrode 240. In one embodiment, the depositing surface consists of the surface of the insulating substrate 210, the surface of the source electrode 220, and the surface of the drain electrode 240. The method for forming the staggered organic thin film transistor 200 comprises the following steps:

-   -   N1: forming the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240         on the surface of the insulating substrate 210, wherein the         source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are spaced from         each other;     -   N2: forming the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the         insulating substrate 210, comprising:         -   N21: providing the evaporating source 110, wherein the             evaporating source 110 comprises the carbon nanotube film             structure 112 and the organic semiconductor material 114,             and the organic semiconductor material 114 is located on the             surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112; and         -   N22: spacing the evaporating source 110 from the insulating             substrate 210, the source electrode 220 and the drain             electrode 240, and inputting the electromagnetic signal or             the electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure             112 to gasify the organic semiconductor material 114 and             form the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the insulating             substrate 210, wherein the source electrode 220 and the             drain electrode 240 are covered by the organic semiconductor             layer 230 and electrically connected to the organic             semiconductor layer 230;     -   N3: forming the insulating layer 260 to cover the source         electrode 220, the drain electrode 240, and the organic         semiconductor layer 230; and     -   N4: forming the gate electrode 250 on the insulating layer 260.

Referring to FIG. 9, in one embodiment, the organic thin film transistor 200 is a back gate type. The gate electrode 250 is disposed on the surface of the insulating substrate 210. The insulating layer 260 is disposed on the surface of the gate electrode 250. The organic semiconductor layer 230 is disposed on the surface of the insulating layer 260 and is insulated from the gate electrode 250 by the insulating layer 260. The source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are spaced from each other and electrically connected to the organic semiconductor layer 230. The source electrode 220, the drain electrode 240, and the organic semiconductor layer 230 are electrically insulated from the gate electrode 250 through the insulating layer 260. The organic semiconductor layer 230 is located in a region between the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 to form a channel.

In one embodiment, the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are spaced apart from each other and disposed on the organic semiconductor layer 230. The source electrode 220, the drain electrode 240 and the gate electrode 250 are located on different sides of the organic semiconductor layer 230 to form a reverse staggered organic thin film transistor 200. In another embodiment, the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are spaced apart from each other and disposed between the insulating layer 260 and the organic semiconductor layer 230. The source electrode 220, the drain electrode 240 and the gate electrode 250 are formed on a same side of the organic semiconductor layer 230 to form a reverse coplanar type organic thin film transistor 200.

In one embodiment, a method for forming the reverse coplanar organic thin film transistor 200 is provided. The depositing surface in this method consists of a surface of the insulating layer 260, the surface of the source electrode 220, and the surface of the drain electrode 240. The method for forming the reverse coplanar organic thin film transistor 200 comprises the following steps:

-   -   M1: forming the gate electrode 250 on the surface the insulating         substrate 210;     -   M2: forming the insulating layer 260 to cover the gate electrode         250;     -   M3: forming the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240         on the insulating layer 260, wherein the source electrode 220         and the drain electrode 240 are spaced from each other; and     -   M4: forming the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the         insulating layer 260 to cover and electrically connected to the         source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240, comprising:         -   M41: providing the evaporating source 110, wherein the             evaporating source 110 comprises the carbon nanotube film             structure 112 and the organic semiconductor material 114,             and the organic semiconductor material 114 is located on the             surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112; and         -   M42: spacing the evaporating source 110 from the insulating             layer 260, the source electrode 220, and the drain electrode             240, and inputting the electromagnetic signal or the             electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure 112             to gasify the organic semiconductor material 114 and form             the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the surface of the             insulating layer 260, the surface of the source electrode             220, and the surface of the drain electrode 240.

In another embodiment, a method for forming the reverse staggered organic thin film transistor 200 is provided. The depositing surface in this method consists of the surface of the insulating layer 260. The method for forming the reverse staggered organic thin film transistor 200 comprises the following steps:

-   -   P1: forming the gate electrode 250 on the surface the insulating         substrate 210;     -   P2: forming the insulating layer 260 to cover the gate electrode         250;     -   P3: forming the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the         insulating layer 260, comprising:         -   P31: providing the evaporating source 110, wherein the             evaporating source 110 comprises the carbon nanotube film             structure 112 and the organic semiconductor material 114,             and the organic semiconductor material 114 is located on the             surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112; and         -   P32: spacing the evaporating source 110 from the insulating             layer 260, and inputting the electromagnetic signal or the             electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure 112             to gasify the organic semiconductor material 114 and form             the organic semiconductor layer 230 on the surface of the             insulating layer 260; and     -   P4: forming the source electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240         on the organic semiconductor layer 230, wherein the source         electrode 220 and the drain electrode 240 are spaced from each         other and electrically connected to the organic semiconductor         layer 230.

Referring to FIG. 2, one embodiment provides an apparatus 100 for forming the organic thin film transistor 200. The apparatus 100 comprises an evaporating source 110 and a heating device. The evaporating source 110 comprises a carbon nanotube film structure 112 and an organic semiconductor material 114. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is a carrying structure for the organic semiconductor material 114. The organic semiconductor material 114 is located on a surface of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The heating device is configured to input an electromagnetic signal or an electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 to evaporate the organic semiconductor material 114. In one embodiment, the heating device can input the electromagnetic signal to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 by an electromagnetic signal input device 140. In another embodiment, the heating device can input the electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure 112 by a first electrical signal input electrode 150 and a second electrical signal input electrode 152.

The apparatus 100 may further comprise a vacuum room 130. In one embodiment, the evaporating source 110 and an insulating substrate 210 are located in the vacuum room 130. The insulating substrate 210 is spaced from the evaporating source 110.

The apparatus 100 may further comprise two supporters 120. The two supporters 120 are spaced from each other and disposed on two ends of the carbon nanotube film structure 112. The carbon nanotube film structure 112 is suspended by the two supporters 120.

The apparatus 100 may further comprise a patterned grid 160. In one embodiment, the patterned grid 600 is located between the evaporating source 110 and a surface of the insulating substrate 210.

The carbon nanotube film is free-standing structure and used to carry an organic semiconductor material. The carbon nanotube film has a large specific surface area and good uniformity so that the organic semiconductor material carried by the carbon nanotube film can uniformly distributed on the carbon nanotube film before evaporation. The carbon nanotube film can be heated instantaneously. Thus the organic semiconductor material can be completely gasified in a short time to form a uniform gaseous organic semiconductor material, and the uniform gaseous organic semiconductor material can be uniformly distributed over a large area. The distance between the depositing substrate and the carbon nanotube film is small. Thus the organic semiconductor material carried on the carbon nanotube film can be substantially utilized to save the organic semiconductor material and improve the deposition rate.

Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of certain inventive embodiments have been set out in the foregoing description, together with details of the structures and functions of the embodiments, the disclosure is illustrative only. Changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of arrangement of parts, within the principles of the present disclosure to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed.

Depending on the embodiment, certain of the steps of methods described may be removed, others may be added, and the sequence of steps may be altered. It is also to be understood that the description and the claims drawn to a method may comprise some indication in reference to certain steps. However, the indication used is only to be viewed for identification purposes and not as a suggestion as to an order for the steps.

The embodiments shown and described above are only examples. Even though numerous characteristics and advantages of the present technology have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and function of the present disclosure, the disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in the detail, especially in matters of shape, size and arrangement of the parts within the principles of the present disclosure up to, and including the full extent established by the broad general meaning of the terms used in the claims. It will, therefore, be appreciated that the embodiments described above may be modified within the scope of the claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for forming an organic thin film transistor comprising: S1: providing an insulating substrate; S2: applying an organic semiconductor layer on the insulating substrate, wherein a method for forming the organic semiconductor layer comprises the following steps: S21: providing an evaporating source, wherein the evaporating source comprises a carbon nanotube film structure and an organic semiconductor material, and the organic semiconductor material is located on a carbon nanotube film structure surface; and S22: spacing the evaporating source from the insulating substrate, and heating the carbon nanotube film structure to gasify the organic semiconductor material and form the organic semiconductor layer on a depositing surface; S3: obtaining a source electrode and a drain electrode spaced from each other and separately electrically connected to the organic semiconductor layer; and S4: forming a gate electrode and an insulating layer, wherein the gate electrode is insulated from the organic semiconductor layer via the insulating layer.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic semiconductor material is disposed on the carbon nanotube film structure surface by a solution method, a vapor deposition method, a plating method or a chemical plating method.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the solution method for disposing the organic semiconductor material on the carbon nanotube film structure surface comprising: S11, dispersing an organic semiconductor material in a solvent to form a mixture; S12, attaching the mixture to the carbon nanotube film structure; S13, drying the solvent to make the organic semiconductor material uniformly attach on the carbon nanotube film structure surface.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the organic semiconductor material comprises a plurality of materials, and the plurality of materials are dissolved in a liquid phase solvent and mixed with each other.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein in the S2, the evaporating source and the organic semiconductor material are located in a vacuum room.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein an electromagnetic signal is inputted to heat the carbon nanotube film structure by an electromagnetic signal input device.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein an electrical signal is inputted to heat the carbon nanotube film structure by a first electrical signal input electrode and a second electrical signal input electrode.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein the S2 further comprises a step of providing a patterned grid and locating the patterned grid between the evaporating source and the depositing surface to form a patterned organic semiconductor layer.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein the patterned grid comprises an array of through holes, and an array of organic semiconductor layers is formed by the array of through holes.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein a distance between the depositing surface and the carbon nanotube film structure is in a range from about 1 micrometer to about 10 millimeters.
 11. The method of claim 1, wherein the depositing surface is an insulating substrate surface or an insulating layer surface.
 12. The method of claim 1, wherein a heat capacity per unit area of the carbon nanotube film structure is less than 2×10⁻⁴ J/cm²·K, and a specific surface area of the carbon nanotube film structure is larger than 200 m²/g.
 13. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon nanotube film structure comprises at least one carbon nanotube film, the least one carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of nanotubes joined end to end by Van der Waals attractive force.
 14. An apparatus for forming an organic thin film transistor comprising: an evaporating source comprising a carbon nanotube film structure and an organic semiconductor material, wherein the organic semiconductor material is located on a carbon nanotube film structure surface; a heating device, wherein the heating device is configured to input an electromagnetic signal or an electrical signal to the carbon nanotube film structure.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a vacuum room, wherein the evaporating source is located in the vacuum room.
 16. The apparatus of claim 14, further comprising a patterned grid, wherein the patterned grid is located between the evaporating source and a depositing surface, and the depositing surface is an insulating substrate surface or an insulating layer surface.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the patterned grid comprises at least one through hole.
 18. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein a heat capacity per unit area of the carbon nanotube film structure is less than 2×10⁻⁴ J/cm²·K, and a specific surface area of the carbon nanotube film structure is larger than 200 m²/g.
 19. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the carbon nanotube film structure comprises at least one carbon nanotube film, and the at least one carbon nanotube film comprises a plurality of carbon nanotubes joined end to end by Van der Waals attractive force.
 20. A method for forming an organic thin film transistor comprising: S1: forming an organic semiconductor layer, on an insulating substrate, comprising: S11: providing an evaporating source, wherein the evaporating source comprises a carbon nanotube film structure and an organic semiconductor material, and the organic semiconductor material is located on a carbon nanotube film structure surface; and S12: spacing the evaporating source from the insulating substrate, and heating the carbon nanotube film structure to gasify the organic semiconductor material and form the organic semiconductor layer on the insulating substrate; S2: forming a source electrode and a drain electrode on the organic semiconductor layer, wherein the source electrode and the drain electrode are spaced from each other and electrically connected to the organic semiconductor layer; S3: forming an insulating layer to cover the source electrode, the drain electrode, and the organic semiconductor layer; and S4: forming a gate electrode on the insulating layer. 